Comparison of Executive Functions, Visual Perception, and Cognitive Skills in High-Average and Average-Ability Children with Dyslexia

Abstract

This study compared executive functions, visual perception, and cognitive skills in high-average and average-ability children with dyslexia. Seventy-six children aged 8-12 were assessed using the Executive Functions and Occupational Routines Scale (EFORTS), the Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills - Third Edition (TVPS-3), and the Dynamic Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment for Children (DOTCA-CH). High-average ability children scored higher on DOTCA-CH domains such as visual-motor construction and thinking operations, while average-ability peers performed better on all TVPS-3 subtests. EFORTS differed only in play-leisure routines. Findings suggest that dyslexia presents with diverse cognitive patterns, emphasizing the need for approaches that address individual differences.