Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi

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Citation Count: 1
Organizational Change and Applicability of Six Sigma Management Model in the Turkish National Soccer Team
(Gdansk Univ Physical Education & Sport, 2018) Terekli, Mustafa Serdar; Terekli, Mustafa Serdar; Gursakal, Necmi; Sever, Necip Serdar; Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bölümü
Background: In recent years, the Six Sigma Methodology has been primarily applied to the enhancement of performance. The purpose of this study was to implement Six Sigma Management Models in the Turkish National Soccer Team. Material and methods: 24 matches of the Turkish National Soccer Team constituted the sample of research. The DMAIC method was used in this study. For statistical analysis of research data, IBM SPSS 18.0 for Windows and Minitab 17 statistical software program were used. As statistical techniques, brainstorm, fishbone, chi-square correlation analysis, Spearman correlation test, process capability analysis and control charts were used, which were the six sigma tools. The numerical values obtained were tested at P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 significance levels. Result: As a result of the research, a statistically significant correlation was found among the match outcomes of the Turkish National Soccer Team and the game formation (P = 0.04), the positive shoot rate (P = 0.03), the positive defence rate on the first zone (P = 0.00) and the positive defence rate on the second zone (P = 0.00). As a result of the improvement, the z bench value for the positive defence rate on the first zone was increased from 0.47 to 0.59. Conclusion: It can be said that the Six Sigma Management Model is applicable for coaching or training in soccer.
Citation Count: 0
Marketing Ethics and Ethical Issues Related To Marketing Communication
(Springer-verlag Singapore Pte Ltd, 2018) Sayil, Emine Mediha
[No Abstract Available]
Citation Count: 2
Isokinetic Knee Muscular Strength Is Associated With Hematologic Variables in Female Modern Dancers
(Spanish Assoc Sports Performance Analysis-aearedo, 2018) Tekin, Demet; Tekin, Demet; Terapi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü
It is important to expose the risk factor in injury in the context of the health and the careers of dancers. Female are at greater risk of developing anemia than men, yet scarce data exist on anemia associated outcomes in female dancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between bilateral isokinetic knee extensor and flexor muscles strength, and biochemical hematologic parameters in female modern dancers. Concentric isokinetic peak torque [(PT)-N.m], peak torque % body weight [(PT% BW)-N.m.kg(-1)], average peak torque [(AVGPT)-N.m] and total work [(TW)-J)] of the knee extensor and flexor muscles were measured at a velocity of 60 degrees, 180 degrees and 300 degrees s(-1). To determine hematological parameters [red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), and Hb] were determined. The dancers of LHG and HHG had significant differences (p <= 0.05) for hematological parameters. HHG dancers' strength production in extensors muscles of PT, TW and AVGPT in non-dominant left leg (p <= 0.05) were significantly higher than LHG dancers. There were significant (p <= 0.05) negative correlations between TW (300 degrees s(-1)) of left leg extensor muscles and RBC, Hct and Hb variables. Isokinetic knee muscular strength is associated with hematologic variables in female modern dancers. The current study provides evidence that the low-level hematologic parameters has decreased performance on torque production of extensors knee muscles in non-dominant leg during isokinetic muscle strength endurance in female modern dancers.
Citation Count: 21
Balance Training in Modern Dancers Proprioceptive-Neuromuscular Training Vs Kinesio Taping
(Science & Medicine inc, 2018) Tekin, Demet; Agopyan, Ani; Baltaci, Gul; Terapi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü
Kinesio tape and proprioceptive exercises are both used for increasing balance in dancers. The purposes of this study were to: a) determine the acute effect of kinesio tape (KT) application on the ankle joint on balance performance, b) investigate the effects of an 8-week proprioceptive-neuromuscular (PN) training program on balance performance, and c) compare their effects vs modern dance technique classes alone. Thirty-three trained, university-level modern dance students (9 male, 24 female) were divided randomly into three groups: kinesio tape (KT, n=11), proprioceptive-neuromuscular (PN, n=11), or control (n=11). Static (turn-out passe-opened eyes/releve and turn-out passe-closed eyes/flat foot), semi-dynamic (airplane), and dynamic balance (monopodalic-straight and -transverse in a turn-out passe-eyes opened/flat foot) tests were performed before and after the intervention. One day after pre-tests, KT mechanical correction technique was applied to the left ankle joint (supporting leg) in the KT group, and tests were repeated to determine the acute effect of KT. The PN group participated in an 8-week balance training program (2 days/wk, 60 min/day) involving exercises using stable and unstable surfaces. Significant improvements were observed for all static and dynamic balance tests in the PN group; semi-dynamic airplane and dynamic monopodalic-straight and transverse tests improved in the KT group; and only semi-dynamic airplane test scores changed significantly for the control group (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that with the exception of the semi-dynamic airplane test, both PN training and KT application were more effective at improving balance performance for modern dancers than modern dance technique classes alone.
Citation Count: 2
Inverse Problem for Euler-Bernoulli Equation With Periodic Boundary Condition
(Univ Nis, Fac Sci Math, 2018) Kanca, Fatma; Baglan, Irem; Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
In this work the inverse coefficient problem for Euler-Bernoulli equation with periodic boundary and integral addition conditions is investigated. Under some natural regularity and consistency conditions on the input data the existence, uniqueness and continuously dependence upon the data of the solution are shown by using the generalized Fourier method. Numerical tests using the implicit finite difference scheme combined with an iterative method are presented and discussed. Also an example is presented with figures.
Citation Count: 1
The Effects of Maternal Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Breast Milk Fatty Acid Composition
(İstanbul Medipol University, 2018) Garipağaoğlu Denizhan, Muazzez; Büyükuslu, N.; Batırel, S.; İlktaç, H.Y.; Garipağaoğlu, M.; Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü
Breast milk is the first source of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) for infants. We hypothesized that maternal omega-3 FAs supplementation affects the FA composition of breast milk. Thirtysix women received 950 mg omega-3 polyunsaturated (PUFA) supplementation per day for 9 months from 22-24 weeks of pregnancy until the 6 months of lactation and 26 women were enrolled as controls. Demographic data and nutritional status were taken by a questionnaire. Breast milk samples were collected at just after birth and 6 months of lactation. Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Data was assessed using SPSS 22.0 software. The supplementation increased the level of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) while decreased the level of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in breast milk. The ratio of omega-6/omega-3 FAs was also decreased in the supplemented mothers’ milk. In conclusion the maternal supplementation of omega-3 FAs improved the DHA and EPA levels. © 2018, İstanbul Medipol University. All rights reserved.
Citation Count: 0
Parametric Trigger Signal Generation With Microcontroller and Fpga Based Architectures
(Ieee, 2019) Levent, Vecdi Emre; Levent, Vecdi Emre; Aydin, Nizamettin; Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
A new system to obtain information from the central nervous system has been developed. Our system consists of two main components. The first of these components is the machine, which is located on the index and middle finger tips, stimulating mechanoreceptors according to the test protocol. The other is a personal computer running a desktop software for the implementation of test protocols. The flow is as follows. The subjects are asked the question of the test protocol through the personal computer. The parameters are then transmitted to the embedded system board on the machine. The embedded system board takes step motors to apply the relevant test parameters. The desktop software expects the subject to answer the question using the right and/or the left mouse button of the computer mouse. After answering the relevant question, the test proceeds to the next step. According to the test protocol, the stimulation process of the mechanoreceptors located at the index and middle finger tips must start and terminate at the same time. From this perspective, the embedded system board with 3 18F46K22 PIC microcontrollers produces 2 square wave signals with different frequencies and amplitudes simultaneously. The embedded system card developed with the PIC microcontroller is also implemented on an FPGA. The system has also been tested on 24 blue- and white-collar employees and a significant result has been obtained.
Citation Count: 1
Design and Development of a New Tactile Stimulator
(Ieee, 2019) Levent, Vecdi Emre; Levent, Vecdi Emre; Aydin, Nizamettin; Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
We have designed and implement a tactile stimulator to obtain information from the central nervous system. Our system consists of two main components. The first one is tactile stimulator, which was designed to stimulate index and middle finger tips, stimulating mechanoreceptors according to the test protocol. Second one is a personal computer running a desktop software for the implementation of test protocols. The flow is as follows; the subjects are asked the question of the test protocol through the personal computer. The parameters are then transmitted to the embedded board on the machine. The embedded board drives step motors to apply the relevant test parameters. The desktop software expects the individual to answer the question using the right or the left mouse button of the computer mouse. After answering the relevant question, the test proceeds to the next step. According to the test protocol, the stimulation process of the mechanoreceptors located at the index and middle finger tips must start and terminate at the same time. From this perspective, the embedded board with 3 18F46K22 PIC microcontrollers produces 2 square wave signals with different frequencies and amplitudes at the same time. The embedded system card developed with the PIC microcontroller is also developed with FPGA. The system has also been tested on 24 blue and white collar employees and a significant result has been obtained.
Citation Count: 23
An Integrative Approach To Relationship Marketing, Customer Value, and Customer Outcomes in the Retail Banking Industry: a Customer-Based Perspective From Turkey
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Sayil, Emine Mediha; Akyol, Ayse; Simsek, Gulhayat Golbasi
Given how important it is to provide superior value to customers and to maintain customer loyalty for a sustainable competitive advantage, the aim of this paper is to examine the relationships among relationship marketing components of - trust, competency, commitment, communication, and conflict handling, - relationship investment, relationship quality, perceived customer value, satisfaction and loyalty in an integrated framework in the Turkish retail banking industry. Unlike previous studies, this research extends the literature by analysing affective as well as cognitive dimensions in the same model with a holistic view by simultaneously examining the direct and indirect effects of the related concepts. The distinctive nature of this study is its evaluation of customer satisfaction and loyalty from the perspective of actual consumers. The research model was tested using data collected from 685 retail banking customers by applying structural equation modelling. The findings show that relationship marketing induces loyalty through relationship quality, customer value, and satisfaction, which are mainly provided by trust, communication, and relationship investment. Furthermore, relationship investment and relationship quality are the most important factors in the development of customer value, satisfaction, and loyalty. The emotional value dimension, which captures the affective aspects of perceived value, has the strongest effect on both satisfaction and loyalty.
Citation Count: 0
Toc-Thinking Process Approach for Problem Solving in Trademark Registration Process
(Future Acad, 2019) Birgün, Semra; Erol, Serpil; Alpar, A. Arzu Ceylan; Endüstri Mühendisliği Bölümü
Industry 4.0 has caused many changes in commerce as well as in industry. Institutions should therefore revise their strategies and make strategic decisions that will adapt to today's digital world. In the current physical or digital business competition environment, firms want to make their products more attractive by branding and delivering them to large masses. A brand is a feature that separates the product or company from the others and is an advantage both the produces and the consumer. Firms have a wider market share by ensuring the transportation and awareness of its products, and while ensuring its sustainability, consumers can gain prestige, protect their rights, and so on. The trademark must be registered in order to be valid. However, when the application was made in Turkey rejection rate of the brand has increased steadily. This situation causes great waste for the applicant and the applicant institution. In this paper, a study has been conducted with the aim of revealing how problems should be resolved by investigating the causes of rejection of applications and thus increasing the acceptance rate. In this study, Thinking Processes application was made within the framework of the Theory of Constraints approach, which aims to achieve continuous improvement by removing constraints. Thus, it is foreseen that there will be a guide on the possible mistakes of the firm managers who will make a trademark application and how these problems can be resolved. (C) 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org .UK
Citation Count: 0
Fpga Based Dco-Ofdm Phy Transceiver for Vlc Systems
(Ieee, 2019) Levent, Vecdi Emre; Saglam, Gurol; Ugurdag, H. Fatih; Annafianto, Nur Fajar Rizqi; Aydin, Furkan; Tesfay, Shewit Weldu; Uysal, Murat; Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
Satisfying the demand for high bandwidth and low latency in Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems is a difficult challenge. VLC channels exhibit frequency-selectiveness at peak-speeds. This phenomenon generates a serious inter-symbol interference effect. A physical layer (PHY) design that can carry out physical layer communication tasks to overcome all these strains is required. In this study, an FPGA based PHY design that implements DCO-OFDM algorithm is described for VLC systems. A demo was performed with the developed PHY design using an LED transmitter and a photodetector receiver.
Citation Count: 4
A Systematic Approach for Improving the Software Management Process
(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2019) Birgün, Semra; Cerkezoglu, Burcu Tanrikut; Endüstri Mühendisliği Bölümü
Information technology is an indispensable element in applications in today's industrial era. In addition to modern management approaches, software just as well as hardware is of great importance to ensure competitive advantage if the company needs to keep pace with industrial requirements. Information sector can be seen as a competition opportunity for emerging countries. To be able to exploit this opportunity, companies need to be agile and innovative. In this paper, we suggest a process innovation which is intended to be a new model for designing an efficient and effective software process. The model was applied at a software company, and the results of this study are reported here. Lean and agile approaches were used, and as a result, the firm achieved significant improvements in cost, time, labor force, quality, internal and external customer satisfaction, speed, reliability and productivity.
Citation Count: 2
Identification Problem of a Leading Coefficient To the Time Derivative of Parabolic Equation With Nonlocal Boundary Conditions
(Springer international Publishing Ag, 2019) Kanca, Fatma; Mishra, Vishnu Narayan; Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
In this study, the problem of determining the time-dependent leading coefficient to the time derivative of heat equation with nonlocal boundary and integral addition conditions is considered. The existence and uniqueness of a solution of the inverse problem under considerations are established. Some results on the numerical solution with an example are presented.
Citation Count: 1
Solving the Sales Problem of a Poultry Meat Company With Thinking Process
(Future Acad, 2019) Birgün, Semra; Aydin, Selman; Birgun, Semra; Endüstri Mühendisliği Bölümü
The use of new technology in order to achieve real improvement and to increase productivity in a business can be effective in the long term only through the correct analysis of the current status of the business. After the current status is detected, the improvement studies should be continued towards the existing constraints and the studies for eliminating new constraints that will occur at certain time intervals should be repeated. Unless improvement can be sustained, long-term solutions cannot be in question. In family foundations or charitable foundations; factors such as close relationships, special connection, and lack of education come to the forefront, and bulky organizations prevent innovative developments. There is a need for approaches that see the business as a whole and predict the future by uncovering the real situation. One of them is Theory of Constraints. In this paper, a case study is presented in which the problems arising from production and planning, sales and management mistakes in a food business, which is a charitable foundation, were elevated with the application of Theory of Constraints. In the study, the steps such as Current Reality Tree, the Evaporating Cloud and the Future Reality Tree from the Thinking Process were realized. As a result of putting the recommendations into practice, significant improvements were made in the business under examination. (C) 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org .UK
Citation Count: 4
Skeletal Muscle Fatigue Does Not Affect Shooting Accuracy of Handball Players
(Ios Press, 2019) Akyüz, Beyza; Avsar, Pinar Arpinar; Bilge, Murat; Deliceoglu, Gokhan; Korkusuz, Feza; Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü
BACKGROUND: Shooting accuracy and ball speed are important factors relating to scoring in handball that could be affected by skeletal muscle fatigue. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of muscle fatigue on male handball players' shooting accuracy and ball speed. METHODS: Sixteen elite handball players (M-age = 17.1 +/- 1.7 years) participated in the laboratory and the field-testing sessions. Running speeds equal to 75% of participants' maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) values from laboratory tests were used as the initial velocity for the 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15(IFT)) in the fatigue protocol. Participants shot to the target at random visual signals placed behind the target before and after fatigue. In order to measure wrist acceleration and ball speed, an accelerometer and a radar gun are used respectively and numbers of accurate and inaccurate shots also recorded. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between pre-fatigue and post-fatigue protocols in terms of accurate and inaccurate shots, and ball speed. Only wrist acceleration in the Y axis (M-pre(-fatigue) = 33.12, SD = 1.17msec; M-post - fatigue = 34.50, SD = 1.21msec) was affected by the fatigue protocol in inaccurate shots (p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Muscular fatigue does not affect shooting accuracy and ball speed in male handball players.
Citation Count: 1
Problems and Insights on Space: the Effects of Phenomenology Theory on the Concept of Space
(Yildiz Technical Univ, Fac Architecture, 2020) Ulubay, Serhat; Onal, Feride
This study was an examination of a change in the means and manner of comprehension of the concept of space and the questions it stimulated as a result of the emergence and development of phenomenology theory in the last century. Phenomenology theory is based on the argument that our understanding of phenomena is related to our consciousness and promotes a different and deeper form of comprehension by asking questions about the essence of existence. The movement grew in the early 20th century, and challenged the dominant view of rational reality and Cartesian assumptions. Phenomenology encourages questioning what has been defined as concrete and immutable, arguing that phenomena can be grasped through internal experience rather than simply visible physical appearance and predefined ideas. According to this new concept, all of our acquisitions we call "experience" help us make sense of phenomena. Science makes its inquiries based on adopted and accepted experiences about the world. However, the phenomenological approach suggests that all adopted data, including the fundamentals of science, should also be questioned. The essential objective of the phenomenological philosophy is the extension of the field of questioning to explore the essence of facts and primary phenomena. This radical questioning deeply affected and altered the intellectual agenda of the time. Philosophers discussed and examined the intrinic meaning of many phenomena. The concept of space lends itself to this new kind of assessment. Phenomenology theory, which aims to contribute to the base of scientific knowledge and to increase the critical foundations of philosophy, opened the prevailing semantics of space perceived as an object defined with rational boundaries and mathematical assumptions to discussion. Phenomenological opinion, contrary to the Cartesian way of thinking, argues that space cannot be deliniated by the patterns of a single reality and that an infinite number of descriptors that we discover through our acts and experiences can be applied. This vision of space is discovered through all of our direct life experiences and queries of all realms, including the social and cultural arenas, psychology and the human body, ideas of the self and the question of existence, as well as hard science. Different methodologies applied by philosophers of the phenomenology school of thought diversified the basis of questioning and definition, and thereby enriched the concept of space. This study examines the methods of reading and questioning the definition of space used by phenomenological theorists and the contributions this interpretation brought to the conceptualization of space. The critical approach of the Cartesian way of thinking was compared and contrasted with the phenomenological view. All of the acquisitions and dynamics of life are in a state of constant change. The structure of societies, the way they comprehend the world, cultural and individual mental acts are not fixed like a photograph pausing a moment. A Cartesian view considers space to be a static and frozen object. A primary contribution of phenomenology to the intellectual environment of the last century was to encourage exploration of the fact that the mode of questioning has no boundaries, that the accepted realities cannot constitute the only starting point of our questioning. In addition, it reminded us that all our social and individual experiences are a means to grasp and comprehend the concept of space. We exist in this world through our thoughts, perceptions, memory, and body; therefore, we can comprehend phenomena, including space, via all of our life experience. This study examined how the idea of space has been shaped over time, focusing on the principles of phenomenological questioning and sixteen theorists considered pioneers of this way of thinking. The questioning put forward by phenomenology changes kinetically, and it is possible that such theories of the evaluation of space can be a tool for the diversification of today's thought on the subject and the discovery of news ideas of space.
Citation Count: 1
Cold Chain Logistics Firm Selection by Using Ahp-Vikor Integrated Method and a Case Study in Food Industry
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Çaloğlu Büyükselçuk, Elif; Endüstri Mühendisliği Bölümü
With the Industry 4.0, a new trend has started for all sectors and enterprises have entered into a period of intense working and investment to turn into intelligent systems. Cold chain logistics also has the same trend, and companies have pushed the button to be involved in this process. Due to changing lifestyles and generally decreasing prices, the world market for perishable products such as processed foods and cooled products is growing. Cold chain transportation is an important issue in basic food and health product logistics to prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms and to ensure that the products remain intact. In this study, it is aimed to determine the right cold chain logistics firm for company EDB that is a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) operating in the food industry. Firstly, the selection criteria are defined according to the literature survey and expert views. AHP approach has been used to calculate the weight of them. After the determination of weight of criteria, VIKOR approach has been used to identify the best cold chain logistics firm for company EDB. The results were obtained by using Expert Choice 11.0 and Excel calculator finally the best one has been determined. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Citation Count: 6
Acute Changes in Electrophysiological Brain Dynamics in Elite Karate Players
(Springer international Publishing Ag, 2020) Balcıoğlu, Taylan Hayri; Balcioglu, Taylan Hayri; Ozcan Cakir, Canan Elif; Goksel Duru, Dilek; Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü
Regular physical exercise has enhanced effects on the human anatomy and functionality. Recently, an effect of a single set of exercise is shown to have positive effects on mood and on cognitive functioning. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a single bout of moderate exercise on the brain electrophysiological dynamics in resting-state condition and under the mental workload situation from elite-level athletes. For this purpose, electroencephalogram (EEG) is measured before and after the exercise sessions from 17 elite karate players who are members of the national karate team of Turkey. Blood lactate measurements are implemented to monitor the volunteers before EEG measurements. EEG data are analyzed using three metrics: conventional band power of each electrode, coherence metrics between electrodes for each band and source coherence values corresponding to each frequency band. Each metric is statistically analyzed between pre- and post-values, and results revealed that in all frequency bands, right parietal electrode had increased connection values which are thought to be related to ongoing sympathetic nervous system response observed during the recovery period. Another finding is the enhanced connectivity of frontal sources under the resting state as well as during the increased mental workload periods.
Citation Count: 2
Digitalization of Memories - an Analysis Relationship Between Autobiographical Memory and Digital Photography
(Univ Ss Cyril & Methodius Trnava, Fac Mass Media Communication, 2020) Eyrek Keskin, Aysun; Yeni Medya ve İletişim Bölümü
Photography has been used as a mnemonic since its early years. It has the power to move the past to the present by breaking down the structure of time. Presenting a static image, it records an image of a past time. Looking through family and childhood photo albums, the person embarks on a journey through the past in his/her memory. Following digitalization, the function of photography has been changed in accordance with the transformation of it from analogue to digital. Photography is not only a mnemonic but also contains the function of the enjoyment of individuals, creating self, self-presenting to others. In terms of storage, screening and sharing, digital photography is more convenient and accessible than analogue photography. For these reasons, people's interest in digital photography has been rising and it encourages taking/recording images at the moments that will create their memories in the years ahead. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between autobiographical memory (contains information about individual experiences, memories) and forgetting/remembering between digital photography. The nature of the subject required the use of both qualitative and theoretical analysis of the participants' social media usage. The research data was collected conducting semi-structured interviews with participants who shared their images about individual lives and memories on social media. In addition, benefiting from the observation technique, the participants were requested to look at both printed and digital photo albums and asked if they remember the corresponding memories. The theoretical insights are based on critical theory. The studies reveal that memories become digital and affect memory due to rising motivation to take and share pictures on the social media.
Citation Count: 0
The Raid in the Editorial Office of the Turkish Newspaper Tan, 1945, and Its Impact on the State of Soviet-Turkish and Us Turkish Relations in the Post-Wwii Period
(Peoples Friendship Univ Russia, 2020) Sivis, Efe
The author examines the demonstrations carried out by university students in Istanbul on December 4, 1945 and the raid on the printing operations of the pro-Soviet 7an newspaper, known as the Tan Raid, in light of U.S. State Department documents, namely the related files in National Archives Records Administration. The influence of the Tan Raid on Turkey's international relations is discussed in the context of Turkish-American and Turkish-Soviet relations. The Raid is regarded as a significant incident since it coincides with the post WW2 period when Turkey's relations with the Soviet Union had already deteriorated due to Moscow's demands to revise the Montreux Convention by 19th of March 1945. Furthermore, Turkish-American diplomatic contacts in the aftermath of the Raid show Washington's perspective on policy towards Soviet Union, as U.S. officials advised a moderate line to their Turkish counterparts. On the other hand, preparations for the Raid seem highly controversial since Turkish government officials did not strongly condemn the event and the police did not intervene against the protestors despite of their violent actions towards Tan and some left leaning bookstores. The slogans during the demonstration show its anti-Soviet character, which Ankara denied in order to decrease tensions with the Soviets by arguing that it was Tan's owner, the Sertel couple to whom the anger was directed, not the Soviet Union. The intelligence obtained by diplomats at the U.S. Embassy in Ankara, the meetings they conducted with Turkish politicians, their conclusions regarding the process leading up to the raid, and their opinions on Turkish-Soviet relations provide the background for the analysis.

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