Seçici Enternasyonalizmden Askeri İzolasyona ABD Dış Politikasında Türkiye (1918-1923)

Abstract

This article examines the United States’ approach toward Türkiye during the Turkish National Struggle and how that approach evolved over time. The study presents four key findings regarding America’s relationship with the Turkish War of Independence. First, it reveals that President Woodrow Wilson’s post-1918 perspective on the region was primarily shaped by the Armenian mandate, reflecting a sectarian preference. This demonstrates the selective nature of Wilson’s internationalist ideals. Second, the condition of non-Muslim minorities in Anatolia remained a significant concern for the U.S. even after Wilson’s presidency. However, unlike the Wilson era, the U.S. largely refrained from intervention, limiting itself to observation. This non-interventionist stance is closely linked to the broader trend of military-political isolation in U.S. foreign policy during the period, when commercial interests were prioritized in international affairs. Third, the growing success of the Turkish national movement gradually compelled the United States to adopt a more pragmatic policy toward Ankara, driven by its own economic and commercial interests. Lastly, the article highlights the intense efforts of various actors with often conflicting agendas-such as relief missions, business circles, and lobbying groups-to influence U.S. policy. The article also analyzes Ankara’s view of the United States as part of a broader balancing strategy against Britain and France. In this context, Türkiye’s relationship with the United States offers valuable insights into the nature of early Republican diplomacy. © 2025, Istanbul University Press. All rights reserved.