Mapping the Vascular and Muscular Topography of the Glabellar Region: Implication for Improving Safety and Efficacy of the Glabellar Injections

dc.authorid ismailoglu, pelin/0000-0002-2631-496X
dc.authorid ismailoglu, Abdul Veli/0000-0003-0904-8679
dc.authorid AKTEKIN, MUSTAFA/0000-0003-4253-9963
dc.authorscopusid 57284225400
dc.authorscopusid 58653906300
dc.authorscopusid 6701334700
dc.authorwosid Ismailoglu, Abdul/AAV-5153-2021
dc.authorwosid Aktekin, Mustafa/D-2181-2015
dc.contributor.author Ismailoglu, Abdul Veli
dc.contributor.author Ismailoglu, Pelin
dc.contributor.author Aktekin, Mustafa
dc.date.accessioned 2025-01-11T13:04:19Z
dc.date.available 2025-01-11T13:04:19Z
dc.date.issued 2024
dc.department Fenerbahçe University en_US
dc.department-temp [Ismailoglu, Abdul Veli] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Maltepe Basibuyuk Yolu 9, TR-34854 Istanbul, Turkiye; [Ismailoglu, Pelin] Fenerbahce Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Physiotherapy & Rehabil Program, Ataturk Mah Atasehir Bulvari, TR-34758 Istanbul, Turkiye; [Aktekin, Mustafa] Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Kayisdagi Cad,Kerem Aydinlar Kampusu 32, TR-34752 Istanbul, Turkiye en_US
dc.description ismailoglu, pelin/0000-0002-2631-496X; ismailoglu, Abdul Veli/0000-0003-0904-8679; AKTEKIN, MUSTAFA/0000-0003-4253-9963 en_US
dc.description.abstract Background Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) and filler injections into the highly vascularized glabellar region for aesthetical purposes are extremely common. Injections into the glabellar region without precise anatomical knowledge of its vascular and muscular topography may pose the risk of severe complications.Objectives We aimed to improve the safety and efficacy of the glabellar injections by mapping the regional muscles and vasculature in relation to the medial canthus and the defined reference lines.Methods Meticulous dissection was performed to reveal glabellar region muscles and arteries under surgical microscope, in 16 hemifaces of whom arteries are injected with red-dyed latex. Location of the angular artery (AA) along with its branches was noted in relation to glabellar muscles.Results The AA was always located superficial to the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle (LLSAN) and then coursed toward the medial canthus to anastomose with the supratrochlear artery deep to the origin of the depressor supercilii (DS). The AA gave subcutaneously located central and paracentral branches coursing close to the mid-face line in 14 out of 16 hemifaces. Variable muscular connections were also present between the LLSAN, the DS and the procerus (P) muscles. No arteries were detected at the base of the medial eyebrow to which the DS, the P, and the frontalis (F) inserted.Conclusions This study provides a detailed map of muscular and vascular anatomy of the glabellar region to facilitate safe and efficient filler and BoNT injections without complications.No Level Assigned This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. en_US
dc.description.sponsorship None. en_US
dc.description.sponsorship None. en_US
dc.description.woscitationindex Science Citation Index Expanded
dc.identifier.citation 0
dc.identifier.doi 10.1007/s00266-023-03708-1
dc.identifier.endpage 1634 en_US
dc.identifier.issn 0364-216X
dc.identifier.issn 1432-5241
dc.identifier.issue 8 en_US
dc.identifier.pmid 37855934
dc.identifier.scopus 2-s2.0-85174390233
dc.identifier.scopusquality Q1
dc.identifier.startpage 1628 en_US
dc.identifier.uri https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-023-03708-1
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14627/350
dc.identifier.volume 48 en_US
dc.identifier.wos WOS:001085920500001
dc.identifier.wosquality Q2
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher Springer en_US
dc.relation.publicationcategory Makale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı en_US
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess en_US
dc.scopus.citedbyCount 3
dc.subject Glabella en_US
dc.subject Anatomy en_US
dc.subject Injection en_US
dc.subject Filler en_US
dc.subject Safe en_US
dc.title Mapping the Vascular and Muscular Topography of the Glabellar Region: Implication for Improving Safety and Efficacy of the Glabellar Injections en_US
dc.type Article en_US
dc.wos.citedbyCount 1
dspace.entity.type Publication

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