The Relationship Between Rational Drug Use and Health Literacy Among Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Individuals: A Descriptive Correlational Study

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between health literacy and rational drug use among individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. Methods: A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted online between March and May 2025 through Disability Solidarity Platforms with 103 participants. Data were collected using a Descriptive Information Form, the 21-item Rational Drug Use Scale (RDUS), and the 12-item Short-Form Health Literacy Scale. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, 1-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis were applied in the analyses. Results: Participants’ mean RDUS score was 19.9 ± 8.99 and mean health literacy score was 17.9 ± 13.9, indicating low levels. A significant moderate positive correlation was found between rational drug use and health literacy (P < .001; r=0.386). Female participants had higher rational drug use knowledge (P=.009). Health literacy was significantly higher among younger participants, singles, those with higher education, employment, better economic status, and health insurance (P < .05). Reading habits, internet use for health information, and regular medical check-ups were positively associated with both outcomes. Notably, participants using non-prescription drugs also showed higher rational drug use knowledge. Conclusions: Deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals demonstrated low health literacy and rational drug use knowledge. The association between these variables suggests that improving health literacy may enhance rational drug use in this population. Targeted interventions addressing communication barriers and sociodemographic factors are needed. Public health nurses should play a key role in developing accessible education and counseling programs.