Alp, Egemen
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Doktor Öğretim
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egemen.alp@fbu.edu.tr
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Egzersiz ve Spor Bilimleri Bölümü
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Publication Sabit ve Değişken Şiddet Dağilimli Yüksek Şiddetli İnterval Antrenman Yaklaşimlari: Hangisi Maksimal Oksijen Tüketim Düzeyinde Geçirilen Zamani Artirmada Daha Etkilidir? Anlatımsal bir Derleme(2025) Alp, Egemen; Çabuk, RefıkThe total time spent at high percentages of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) during a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session is considered one of the key acute responses for inducing long-term improvements in V̇O2max. Therefore, over the past 15 years, many studies have focused on maximizing the time spent near V̇O2max in constant-intensity HIIT protocols by manipulating variables such as work duration, number of repetitions, recovery duration, and recovery intensity. More recently, however, a limited number of studies have employed strategies that modify the intensity distribution within work bouts in order to increase this time. This narrative review aimed to examine the potential of HIIT strategies with variable intensity distributions to maximize the time spent near V̇O2max compared with constant-intensity HIIT protocols. Accordingly, fast-start, varied-intensity, linearly varying, and stepwise decreasing-intensity protocols were addressed. The findings indicate that, when sufficiently long work bouts are applied to allow V̇O2 to reach maximal levels, variable intensity-distribution HIIT approaches can increase the time spent at V̇O2max compared with traditional constant-intensity protocols. Furthermore, these strategies were found to elicit greater total V̇O2 consumption despite producing similar blood lactate responses and ratings of perceived exertion. These results suggest that HIIT approaches incorporating variable intensity distributions may impose higher aerobic demands.Article Verification Trials Can Create the Illusion of VO2max in Addition to Contributing to Its Confirmation(Wiley, 2026) Cabuk, Refik; Alp, Egemen; Murias, Juan Manuel; Karsten, BettinaThis study examined whether constant-workload verification trials performed at intensities below, at, and above the ramp-incremental peak power output (PPO) contribute to confirming maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Fifteen trained to well-trained male cyclists (VO2max: 63.6 +/- 5.6 mL & centerdot;kg(-1)& centerdot;min(-1)) completed maximal ramp testing followed by seven randomized verification trials (80%-110% PPO at 5% intervals) on separate days. Differences in VO2 responses were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Effect size was calculated using Hedges' g. The peak VO2 attained during the verification trials was expressed relative to the ramp-derived VO2max and classified as lower (< 95%), within normal variability (95%-105%), or higher (> 105%). The peak VO2 values at 80%, 105%, and 110% PPO were significantly lower than ramp-derived VO2max (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed at 85%, 90%, and 95% PPO. Effect sizes were small at 85%-95% PPO (Hedges' g = 0.29-0.32), medium at 100%-105% PPO (Hedges' g = 0.63-0.66), and large at 80% and 110% PPO (Hedges' g = 1.21-1.34). Of 105 verification trials, 81 were within +/- 5% of ramp VO2max, 22 were lower (mainly at 80% and 110% PPO), and two exceeded ramp VO2max (at 85% and 95% PPO). Although verification trials did not meaningfully contribute to the verification of VO2max, trials performed at 85%-95% PPO provided the best chances of confirming VO2max in trained individuals. Interpretation of verification trials relative to ramp-derived PPO is protocol dependent, which may limit generalizability across different ramp designs.
