Browsing by Author "Ulubay, Serhat"

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Mekân Üzerine Sorunsallar ve Kavrayışlar: Fenomenoloji Kuramının Yirminci Yüzyılın Mekân Anlayışına Etkileri
(2020) Önal, Feride; Ulubay, Serhat
Yirminci yüzyıl, mekân üzerine kavramsallaşmaların yoğunlaştığı bir zaman dilimi olmuştur. Kartezyen felsefenin rasyonelleştirici ve matematiksel kabullerle netliğe dayalı, mekânı kavrama biçimi sarsılmış, duyuların, algıların, bilincin öne alındığı, mekânın çok anlamlılığının önemsendiği kavrayış biçimi öne çıkmıştır. Bu durum, farklı bakış açıları ve sorgulama yöntemleriyle mekânın kavramsallaştırılmasının yolunu açmış, anlamını zenginleştirmiştir. Kuşkusuz, buradaki önemli rol, fenomenolojik düşünce biçiminin getirdiği, kökene dair sorular sorma ve benliğimize ait edimleri önemseme etkinliğine aittir. Fenomenolojik düşünce biçiminin, yirminci yüzyıl mekân kavrayışına ilişkin çok yönlü sorgusu, mekânın toplumsal, kültürel, psikolojik vb. yönelimle anlam sahasını genişletmiş, rasyonel ölçütler aracılığıyla algılama aralığına sıkışmış mekân düşüncesinin sınırlılığını ortadan kaldırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, yirminci yüzyılın mekân kavramsallaştırmasında önemli katkıları olan kuramcıların söylem ve düşünceleri üzerinden, mekân algısının değişimi, değişen kavrama biçimiyle beraber, kartezyen felsefeye yönelik eleştiriler ve fenomenolojik yaklaşımla mekânı okuma yöntemleri analiz edilmiş ve karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Citation - WoS: 1
Problems and Insights on Space: the Effects of Phenomenology Theory on the Concept of Space
(Yildiz Technical Univ, Fac Architecture, 2020) Ulubay, Serhat; Onal, Feride
This study was an examination of a change in the means and manner of comprehension of the concept of space and the questions it stimulated as a result of the emergence and development of phenomenology theory in the last century. Phenomenology theory is based on the argument that our understanding of phenomena is related to our consciousness and promotes a different and deeper form of comprehension by asking questions about the essence of existence. The movement grew in the early 20th century, and challenged the dominant view of rational reality and Cartesian assumptions. Phenomenology encourages questioning what has been defined as concrete and immutable, arguing that phenomena can be grasped through internal experience rather than simply visible physical appearance and predefined ideas. According to this new concept, all of our acquisitions we call "experience" help us make sense of phenomena. Science makes its inquiries based on adopted and accepted experiences about the world. However, the phenomenological approach suggests that all adopted data, including the fundamentals of science, should also be questioned. The essential objective of the phenomenological philosophy is the extension of the field of questioning to explore the essence of facts and primary phenomena. This radical questioning deeply affected and altered the intellectual agenda of the time. Philosophers discussed and examined the intrinic meaning of many phenomena. The concept of space lends itself to this new kind of assessment. Phenomenology theory, which aims to contribute to the base of scientific knowledge and to increase the critical foundations of philosophy, opened the prevailing semantics of space perceived as an object defined with rational boundaries and mathematical assumptions to discussion. Phenomenological opinion, contrary to the Cartesian way of thinking, argues that space cannot be deliniated by the patterns of a single reality and that an infinite number of descriptors that we discover through our acts and experiences can be applied. This vision of space is discovered through all of our direct life experiences and queries of all realms, including the social and cultural arenas, psychology and the human body, ideas of the self and the question of existence, as well as hard science. Different methodologies applied by philosophers of the phenomenology school of thought diversified the basis of questioning and definition, and thereby enriched the concept of space. This study examines the methods of reading and questioning the definition of space used by phenomenological theorists and the contributions this interpretation brought to the conceptualization of space. The critical approach of the Cartesian way of thinking was compared and contrasted with the phenomenological view. All of the acquisitions and dynamics of life are in a state of constant change. The structure of societies, the way they comprehend the world, cultural and individual mental acts are not fixed like a photograph pausing a moment. A Cartesian view considers space to be a static and frozen object. A primary contribution of phenomenology to the intellectual environment of the last century was to encourage exploration of the fact that the mode of questioning has no boundaries, that the accepted realities cannot constitute the only starting point of our questioning. In addition, it reminded us that all our social and individual experiences are a means to grasp and comprehend the concept of space. We exist in this world through our thoughts, perceptions, memory, and body; therefore, we can comprehend phenomena, including space, via all of our life experience. This study examined how the idea of space has been shaped over time, focusing on the principles of phenomenological questioning and sixteen theorists considered pioneers of this way of thinking. The questioning put forward by phenomenology changes kinetically, and it is possible that such theories of the evaluation of space can be a tool for the diversification of today's thought on the subject and the discovery of news ideas of space.
Citation - WoS: 0
Space as a Source of Alienation in the Context of Migration Debates
(Yildiz Technical Univ, Fac Architecture, 2022) Ulubay, Serhat; Onal, Feride
Migration is one of the main agenda items of the time we live in. Migration mobility, which is defined as an act of displacement in its basic meaning corresponds to a process affecting many dynamics. It does not seem possible to make an overarching immigration definition due to the reasons for its emergence, the effect it creates on the social structure and the difference in its results. The phenomenon of immigration existing in the literature with definitions closer to its essential sense such as 'spatial mobility', 'act of displacement', 'transition from one place to another with the intention of settlement' does not contain the content of an absolute border crossing action. Crossing a border does not end the act of migration, but immigrants encounter ethnic, religious, social, class and many other thresholds and borders. For this reason, migration is not just an act of displacement. Immigrants migrate to places, cultures, social structures, life and many other aspects of new geographies. Social elements and spaces established with daily lives are one of the thresholds faced by the immigrant. Immigrants are stuck between the places in their geographies and the places and lifestyles in their new places where they came through immigration. This contrast manifests itself as soon as they step into a new geography and this situation transforms into an element of oppression for immigrants. The migration does not only correspond to the loss of physical spaces, but also to the dissipation of all social and daily life. For that reason, Arent, Heidegger and Blanchot define migrations of the current time period is independent of a physical displacement, alienation from the social and daily life acts to which one belongs and estrangement of the individual from his own essence. Alienation of one's own self, identity and sociality, drags them into an everlasting migration. For this reason, Blanchot emphasises that immigration starts as soon as the immigrant gets used to the places where he/she migrates, not when he/she fails to get used to the places. It is worth remembering that the space cited here has abstract content as well as concrete construction activity. Space according to Lefebvre exists as a product of the cultural, social and historical acts of societies. For this reason, it is specific to a community. It incorporates not only a concreteness, but also the mentality containing the traces of communities. Space represents a critical threshold in debates about immigration. For immigrants, space is both the grounds fin- establishing a sense of belonging and preserving their own identity, as well as the source of alienation and mental migration. This contrast is discussed in the study through Derrida's "hospitality" statement and the concepts of spatial memory and belonging. Immigrant according to Derrida, encounters a sovereign power defining itself as the owner of the place, in other words, the host, in the geography where he migrated. The host offers a place to the immigrant, whom he/she sees as a guest, and hosts him/her in his home. In fact, the landlord defines where, how and in what way he or she will live, together with the space and draws limits to him/ her. That he/she presents his/her way of life to the immigrant as if it were a rule that he/she must abide by. This style of presentation is a kind of imposition, because it doesn't contain any preference option in it: "I host you in my home. Welcome to my home, save to adhere my language, tradition, lifestyle, laws and rules". This language of life that the immigrant does not recognise and is not familiar with, is an act of mental 'violence perpetrated against him/her. This act of violence takes place through space. Although the immigrant loses his/her place by experiencing a physical migration, he/she brings all the acts of his social and daily life with him/her through his memory. These acts kept in the memory, stands out as the founding elements of the space in the new lands. Immigrants attempt to create their own spaces and lives through their memories instead of venues and lifestyles offered to them. For this reason, space is also the opposite of mental migration and alienation as the preservation of ego and identity. The space, in the migration actions that took place in the current time period, on one hand, is the main actor of eternal immigration and on the other hand protecting identity. The immigrant is stuck between the space offered to him/her and his/her actions and spatial memory in the new lands he/she has come from. The study aims to examine the situation of the immigrant, to question the source of alienation and (main) migration over this sense incorporated by the space.