Browsing by Author "Orun, Oya"

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Biological Activities of Etodolac-Based Hydrazone, Thiazolidinone and Triazole Derivatives on Breast Cancer Cell Lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB
(Wiley, 2025) Sevinc, Sevgi Kocyigit; Cikla-Suzgun, Pelin; Tiber, Pinar Mega; Kucukguzel, S. Guniz; Orun, Oya
In this study, several etodolac-based hydrazone, thiazolidinone, and triazole derivatives that we synthesized and characterized in our earlier research were tested against the hormone-responsive breast cell line MCF-7 and the triple-negative MDA-MB-231, as well as the murine origin fibroblast cell line L-929, at varying doses for their effects on cell viability and toxicity and for their inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation. Cell viability and apoptosis tests were utilized to assess the anti-cancer potential of etodolac and its derivatives after the cells were exposed to varied concentrations of synthesized compounds for three different time periods. ELISA and Western blot methods were used to detect protein levels. All synthesized compounds demonstrated higher anti-cancer activity at significantly lower doses compared to etodolac (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] of 0-50 mu M range in derivatives versus 0.5-1 mM range in etodolac). Except for SGK 242, which had a major toxic effect on all cells, the chemicals SGK 206 and SGK 217 had a twice-less impact on control murine L-929 fibroblasts. Similar to proliferation, low concentrations of SGK 206 and SGK 217 (25-50 mu M) significantly induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells but not in normal cells. Additionally, they inhibited COX-2 protein expression at 50 mu M, and SGK 206 inhibited PGE2 release more effectively than etodolac in cancer cells. The results of this study suggest that, in comparison to a healthy control group, the thiazolidinone derivative SGK 206 and the thiazolidinone derivative SGK 217 are more effective than etodolac when it comes to the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. SGK 206 exhibits a low IC50 value, a distinct dose-response relationship, and strong apoptotic effects, particularly on MDA-MB-231 cells.
Citation - WoS: 6
Effect of Flurbiprofen Derivative (sgk597) on Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cell Lines
(Istanbul Univ, Fac Pharmacy, 2022) Atlihan, Irem; Sevinc, Sevgi Kocyigit; Orun, Oya; Yilmaz, Ozgur; Kucukguzel, S. Guniz; Tiber, Pinar Mega; Eczacılık Meslek Bilimleri Bölümü
Background and Aims: The incidence of breast cancer is increasing day by day, especially in women. The search for new drugs against breast cancer is the focus of attention in research. Breast cancer and prostate cancer have remarkable biological similarities. Therefore, the 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(1-(2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)ethyl)-5-((4-fluorobenzyl)thio)-4H-1,2,4-triazole (SGK597) compound that is suppressing cell proliferation in prostate cancer, was studied in MCF-7 breast can-cer and MCF-10A mammary epithelial cell lines. Methods: The WST-8 method was used to determine cell viability and cytotoxicity of SGK597 in MCF-7 and MCF10-A cell lines. The JC-1 test was applied to determine changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. The protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and c-PARP associated with apoptosis were determined using Western blot analysis.Results: After 24 and 48 hours of incubation of SGK597, the IC50 values were 28.74 pM and 17.28 pM for MCF-7; 65.9 pM and 50.5 pM for MCF-10A, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential showed a tendency toward depolarization in MCF-7 cells as a result of increasing concentration of SGK597, while the same tendency was not seen for MCF-10A. As a result of western blot experiments, no increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and c-PARP expression level was observed, indicating no apoptosis.Conclusion: It was observed that the compound SGK597 suppressed MCF-7 cell proliferation. These results indicate that SGK597 may be a candidate compound for use as an anticancer agent. Keywords: Apoptosis, breast cancer, flurbiprofen, thioether, triazole
Evaluation of Hydrazide-Hydrazone and 4-Thiazolidinone Derivatives of Etodolac as Potential Anticancer Agents in Leukemia Cells
(Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2024) Tiber, Pinar Mega; Averbek, Sera; Sevinc, Sevgi Kocyigit; Kilinc, Olca; Suzgun, Pelin Cikla; Kucukguzel, S. Guniz; Orun, Oya; Eczacılık Meslek Bilimleri Bölümü
Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, have also been found to prevent cancer. (+/-)(R,S) Etodolac is an NSAID that belongs to the class of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Various derivatives of etodolac are synthesized to boost its anti-proliferative action and lessen its potential negative effects. In our earlier studies, some novel derivatives of etodolac exhibited stronger cytotoxic effects on prostate cell lines and had similar effects on leukemia cells in pre-screening experiments.Objective Using the K562 leukemia cell line as a model, we sought to investigate the anti-cancer properties of a hydrazide-hydrazone derivative (SGK-205) and a 4-thiazolidinone derivative of etodolac (SGK-216).Materials and Methods In the current investigation, SGK-205 and SGK-216 compounds were administered to K562 cells for 24 and 48 hours at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mu M. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT test, and apoptosis by Annexin V-PI staining and mitochondrial membrane potential assays, together with mRNA expressions of apoptotic proteins. The levels of the proteins, HER2 and COX2, were also examined to evaluate COX2 inhibitory capacity.Results In K562 cells, there was a definite dose-dependent response to SGK-205 and SGK-216 compounds. Results from MTT viability tests, together with mitochondrial membrane potential measurements and Annexin V-PI staining, revealed that SGK-216 and SGK-205 significantly outperformed etodolac in terms of their apoptotic and anti-proliferative activities. The concentration range of 10-20 mu M for both chemicals was sufficient to start biological responses. Apoptosis was also investigated through the expressions of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Additionally, gene expression research demonstrated SGK-205 to be a beneficial substitute to etodolac in lowering COX-2 and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) expression.Conclusion Our data indicated both derivatives to have higher anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects compared to etodolac. An overall assessment highlighting apoptotic induction potential, acceptable toxicity levels, a consistent dose-response relationship, and COX2 inhibitory actions, in particular, indicated SGK-205 as a viable novel therapeutic.
Investigation of Novel Nimesulide Derivatives Against Breast Cancer
(Academic Press Inc., 2025) Birgül, Kaan; Atlıhan, İrem; Dere, Damla; Yelekçi, Kemal; Tiber, Pınar Mega; Orun, Oya; Küçükgüzel, Sükriye Güniz
This study focused on the synthesis of novel nimesulide semicarbazone derivatives and the evaluation of their cytotoxic potential against luminal-A (MCF-7) and triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, their effects on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), apoptosis, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway modulation were investigated. Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy among women, with luminal-A and triple-negative subtypes posing significant therapeutic challenges due to drug resistance and the lack of effective targeted treatments. The MAPK pathway plays a crucial role in breast cancer progression, making its inhibition a promising therapeutic approach. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly nimesulide, have demonstrated anticancer potential beyond their well-established anti-inflammatory properties. Accordingly, the semicarbazone moiety was incorporated into the molecular scaffold to enhance the antiproliferative efficacy of nimesulide derivatives, as it has been reported to exhibit cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects across various cancer cell lines. A series of nimesulide semicarbazone derivatives (5a–m) were synthesized through multi-step reactions and characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectroscopy (5e). In silico studies were performed to predict their binding affinities to MAPK12. The cytotoxic effects of the synthesized compounds were assessed by determining IC50 values in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines (CCK8 test). Compounds exhibiting strong cytotoxic activity were further examined for their impact on MMP depolarization (JC-1 assay), apoptosis induction (Annexin V-FITC/PI staining), and MAPK pathway modulation (Western blotting of p-ERK and ERK protein). Molecular docking results indicated that the synthesized compounds exhibited favorable interactions with MAPK12, with compound 5e showing one of the highest binding affinity (−9.29 kcal/mol, Ki = 0.154 μM). Cytotoxicity assays revealed that compound 5e had the lowest IC50 values (11.77 ± 0.26 μM in MCF-7; 20.72 ± 0.25 μM in MDA-MB-231), demonstrating significantly higher cytotoxicity than nimesulide. JC-1 assays confirmed that compound 5e induced MMP depolarization at higher concentrations, suggesting apoptosis activation. Flow cytometry analysis further validated a substantial increase in apoptotic cell populations following treatment with compound 5e. Western blot results showed a dose-dependent decrease in p-ERK levels in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, confirming MAPK pathway inhibition. These findings support that nimesulide-based semicarbazones, particularly compound 5e, exhibit potent antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity via MAPK pathway modulation, offering a promising avenue for the development of targeted breast cancer therapies. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 1
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Metacetamol Derivatives With Hydrazone Moiety as Anticancer and Antimicrobial Agents
(Wiley-v C H verlag Gmbh, 2023) Senkardes, Sevil; Atlihan, Irem; Cayir, Elif; Tiber, Pinar Mega; Orun, Oya; Nigiz, Seyma; Kucukguzel, S. Guniz; Eczacılık Meslek Bilimleri Bölümü
By exploiting the wide biological potential of the hydrazone scaffold, a series of hydrazone derivatives were synthesized, starting from N-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide (metacetamol). The structures of the compounds were determined using IR, H-1 and C-13-NMR, and mass spectroscopic methods. The obtained molecules (3 a-j) were evaluated for their anticancer potential against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. According to the CCK-8 assay, all tested compounds showed moderate to potent anticancer activity. Among them, N-(3-(2-(2-(4-nitrobenzylidene)hydrazinyl)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)acetamide (3 e) was found to be the most effective derivative with an IC50 value of 9.89 & mu;M against MDA-MB-231 cell lines. This compound was further tested for its potential effects on the apoptotic pathway. Molecular docking studies was also carried out for 3 e in the colchicine binding pocket of tubulin. Additionally, compound 3 e also demonstrated effective antifungal activity, particularly against Candida krusei (MIC=8 & mu;g/ml), indicating that nitro group at the 4(th) position of the phenyl ring was the most preferable substituent for both cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity. Our preliminary findings suggest that compound 3 e could be exploited as a leading structure for further anticancer and antifungal drug development.
Citation - WoS: 12
Citation - Scopus: 10
Synthesis of Some Novel Hydrazide-Hydrazones Derived From Etodolac as Potential Anti-Prostate Cancer Agents
(Marmara Univ, 2022) Koc, Hande Cevher; Atlihan, Irem; Mega-Tiber, Pinar; Orun, Oya; Kucukguzel, S. Guniz; Eczacılık Meslek Bilimleri Bölümü
(R,S)-Etodolac [1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydrapyrano(3,4-b)indole-1-acetic acid] is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that contains carboxylic acid group with the structure of pyrano[3,4-h]indole. In this study, a series of novel (R,S)-Etodolac derivatives (3a-1) bearing hydrazide-hydrazone moiety were synthesized. The structures of these compounds were characterized by spectral (H-1-NMR and FT-IR analyses) methods. All synthesized compounds were screened for anticancer activity against androgen-independent prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3, DU-145) and androgen-dependent prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cell lines by using WST-8 colorimetric method. This method was used for cell viability and cytotoxicity analysis. Compound 3b (SGK-720) [2-(1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole-1-yl)acetic acid[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methylene]hydrazides] showed 10.36, 5.24, 15.53 mu M anticancer activity against PC3, DU145, LNCaP cancer cell lines, respectively. According to JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential test and Annexin V/PI staining, 3b was found to have apoptotic effect on these cancer cells. It is concluded that compound 3b containing 2,6-dichloro substituents may be one of the candidate molecules to cope with prostate cancer.