Browsing by Author "Birgul, Kaan"

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Investigation of Novel Nimesulide Derivatives Against Breast Cancer
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2025) Birgul, Kaan; Atlihan, Irem; Dere, Damla; Yelekci, Kemal; Tiber, Pinar Mega; Orun, Oya; Kucukguzel, S. Guniz; Eczacılık Meslek Bilimleri Bölümü
This study focused on the synthesis of novel nimesulide semicarbazone derivatives and the evaluation of their cytotoxic potential against luminal-A (MCF-7) and triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, their effects on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), apoptosis, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway modulation were investigated. Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy among women, with luminal-A and triple-negative subtypes posing significant therapeutic challenges due to drug resistance and the lack of effective targeted treatments. The MAPK pathway plays a crucial role in breast cancer progression, making its inhibition a promising therapeutic approach. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly nimesulide, have demonstrated anticancer potential beyond their well-established anti-inflammatory properties. Accordingly, the semicarbazone moiety was incorporated into the molecular scaffold to enhance the antiproliferative efficacy of nimesulide derivatives, as it has been reported to exhibit cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects across various cancer cell lines. A series of nimesulide semicarbazone derivatives (5a-m) were synthesized through multi-step reactions and characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectroscopy (5e). In silico studies were performed to predict their binding affinities to MAPK12. The cytotoxic effects of the synthesized compounds were assessed by determining IC50 values in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines (CCK8 test). Compounds exhibiting strong cytotoxic activity were further examined for their impact on MMP depolarization (JC-1 assay), apoptosis induction (Annexin V-FITC/PI staining), and MAPK pathway modulation (Western blotting of p-ERK and ERK protein). Molecular docking results indicated that the synthesized compounds exhibited favorable interactions with MAPK12, with compound 5e showing one of the highest binding affinity (-9.29 kcal/mol, Ki = 0.154 mu M). Cytotoxicity assays revealed that compound 5e had the lowest IC50 values (11.77 +/- 0.26 mu M in MCF-7; 20.72 +/- 0.25 mu M in MDA-MB-231), demonstrating significantly higher cytotoxicity than nimesulide. JC-1 assays confirmed that compound 5e induced MMP depolarization at higher concentrations, suggesting apoptosis activation. Flow cytometry analysis further validated a substantial increase in apoptotic cell populations following treatment with compound 5e. Western blot results showed a dose-dependent decrease in p-ERK levels in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, confirming MAPK pathway inhibition. These findings support that nimesulide-based semicarbazones, particularly compound 5e, exhibit potent antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity via MAPK pathway modulation, offering a promising avenue for the development of targeted breast cancer therapies.
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 10
Synthesis and Molecular Modeling of Metap2 of Thiosemicarbazides, 1,2,4-Triazoles, Thioethers Derived From (s)-Naproxen as Possible Breast Cancer Agents
(Elsevier, 2022) Birgul, Kaan; Uba, Abdullah Ibrahim; Cuhadar, Ozan; Sevinc, Sevgi Kocyigit; Tiryaki, Selen; Tiber, Pinar Mega; Kucukguzel, S. Guniz; Eczacılık Meslek Bilimleri Bölümü
New thiosemicarbazides (3, 5-6), 1,2,4-triazoles (14-15) and thioethers (22-68) from derived (S)-Naproxen were synthesized in this study. The structure of these compounds were elucidated by spectral (FT-IR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR) methods, besides elemental analysis and TLC. The molecular binding of the compounds on MetAP-2 was performed. Anticancer effects of the synthesized compounds were studied by using MTT assay method on MCF-7 (includes oestrogene and progesterone receptors) and MDA-MB-231 (lacks estrogen and progesterone receptors) adenocarcinoma cell lines at 0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mu M concentrations for 24 h. The IC(50 )values of novel (S)-Naproxen derivatives were determined between from 5 to 100 mu M on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The apoptotic activity of selected compounds 22 and 42 were first analyzed by Annexin V staining using Tali Image-Based Cytometer. Mitochondrial membrane potential changes determined in fluorescence plate reader following JC-1 stain for compounds 22 and 42 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The effect of these compounds on the cell viability 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cell line was tested at 1 to 5 times of calculated IC50 value (IC(50)x1, IC(50)x2, IC(50)x3, IC(50)x4, and IC(50)x5). Next in order to determine the toxicity of the combination of compound 51 and Docetaxel, WST-1 cell viability and proliferation assay was performed with 4T1. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
Synthesis of New 4-Aminobenzoic Acid (paba) Hydrazide-hydrazone/Sulfonate Hybrids and Antimicrobial Evaluation With Ascorbic Acid/Salicylic Acid/n< Cysteine Combinations
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Han, M. Ihsan; Ince, Ufuk; Coskun, G. Pelin; Birgul, Kaan; Dogan, Sengul Dilem; Ashoorzadeh, Amir; Kucukguzel, S. Gueniz; Eczacılık Meslek Bilimleri Bölümü
One of the most serious threats to human health is the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant pathogens. The development of new antibiotics capable of combating drug resistance is critical. In various bacteria and plant species, 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is produced and used as a substrate for folate generation. In this study, a new series of PABA analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Thirteen novel compounds were prepared by linking PABA hydrazide to sulfonate esters via a hydrazone bridge (4a-m). The structures of these compounds were characterized by H-1 and C-13 NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy as well as by LC-MS. Following structural characterization, all compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Enterococcus faecium (ATCC 19434), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) strains. Four compounds were found to have moderate antimicrobial activity against the P. aeruginosa strain. These compounds, including 4e, 4f, 4g, and 4m, containing a hydrazide-hydrazone sulfonate functionality, showed the best MIC value of 64 mu g/mL. In addition, synergistic effects of ascorbic acid, salicylic acid, and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) with synthesized compounds were also investigated. It was observed that the combination of compounds 4f and 4g with NAC showed antipseudomonal activity with MIC values of 32 mu g/mL and 16 mu g/mL, respectively, against the P. aeuriginosa strain. The antimicrobial activity of 4f and 4g was enhanced by two folds in combination with NAC. Our findings in this study can be crucial for the development of new potent antimicrobial agents. [GRAPHICS]
Citation - WoS: 13
Citation - Scopus: 14
Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation and Molecular Modeling Studies of Novel Thiosemicarbazides/Semicarbazides Derived From p-aminobenzoic Acid
(Elsevier, 2022) Han, M. Ihsan; Ince, Ufuk; Gunduz, Miyase Gozde; Coskun, G. Pelin; Birgul, Kaan; Dogan, Senguel Dilem; Kucukguzel, S. Guniz; Eczacılık Meslek Bilimleri Bölümü
The development of novel antimicrobial agents is critical to combat life-threatening drug-resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens. In the present study, a new series of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) derivatives carrying thiosemicarbazide/semicarbazide moiety were designed, synthesized, and studied for their antimicrobial activity. The target molecules (3a-f, 4a-f) were achieved by the reaction of 4aminobenzohydrazide, obtained from PABA, and various phenyl isothiocyanates/isocyanates. Following structural characterization by spectroscopic methods (H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, FT-IR, and LC-MS analyses), the synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and their clinical isolates. Thiosemicarbazides with lipophilic substituents on the phenyl ring were identified as the most active compounds in this series. Among the studied molecules, compound 3e, thiosemicarbazide derivative with trifluoromethyl groups on the phenyl moiety, showed the best antimicrobial activity. Physicochemical parameters of the compounds were computed to predict the drug-likeness of the title compounds. Finally, molecular docking studies were performed in the allosteric binding pocket of ?-alanine: ?-alanine ligase (Ddl) to explain the potential antibacterial activity mechanism of 3e against S. aureus strains . (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.